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The fleet of plug-in electric vehicles in the Netherlands is the second largest per capita in the world after Norway. During 2013, the Netherlands reached a market penetration for highway-capable plug-in electric vehicles of around 1.71 vehicles per 1,000 people, over three times as high as the world's two largest plug-in electric vehicle markets, the United States and Japan. The Dutch plug-in electric drive segment's market share surged almost ten times from 2012 to 5.34% new car sales in the country during that year,〔 achieving the world's second highest in 2013 after Norway (5.6%).〔 The Netherlands is the second country, after Norway, where plug-in electric cars have topped the monthly ranking of new car sales. The Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV was the top selling new car twice in 2013, first in November and again in December〔〔 , a total of 63,658 highway legal plug-in electric vehicles were registered in the Netherlands, consisting of 53,165 range-extended or plug-in hybrids, 9,038 pure electric cars, and 1,455 all-electric light utility vans. When buses, trucks, motorcycles, quadricycles and tricycles are accounted for, the Dutch plug-in electric-drive fleet climbs to 64,928 units.〔 ''See under the heading "30 Sept 2015" for total registrations figures at the end of September 2015.''〕 The country's electric vehicle stock reaches 96,282 units when mopeds (3,5701), electric bicycles (27,577), and microcars (207) are accounted for.〔 , the Netherlands was the country with the highest ratio of slow charging points to electric vehicles (EVSE/EV), with a ratio of more than 0.50, while the U.S had a slow EVSE/EV ratio of 0.20. The Netherlands' mix of slow and fast chargers has allowed it to become the country with the highest number of charging point per capita in the world. , there were 3,521 slow charging points available 24/7 to the public, 2,249 slow charging point with limited public access, and 106 public and semi-public fast charging points.〔 ''See under the heading "31-12-2013" for total registrations figures at the end of December 2013.''〕 As part of its commitment to environmental sustainability, the Dutch government initiated a plan to establish over 200 recharging stations for electric vehicles across the country by 2015. The rollout will be undertaken by Switzerland-based power and automation company ABB and Dutch startup Fastned, and will aim to provide at least one station every for the country's 16 million residents. ==Government incentives== Considering the potential of plug-in electric vehicles in the country due to its relative small size and geography, the Dutch government set a target of 15,000 to 20,000 electric vehicles with three or more wheels on the roads in 2015; 200,000 vehicles in 2020; and 1 million vehicles in 2025.〔 The first government target was achieved in 2013, two years earlier, thanks to the sales peak that occurred at the end of 2013. According to official figures, 30,086 plug-in electric vehicles with three or more wheels have been registered in the country through 31 December 2013.〔 Initially, the Dutch government set incentives such as the total exemption of the registration fee and road taxes, which resulted in savings of approximately for private car owners over four years,〔 and for corporate owners over five years. Other vehicles including hybrid electric vehicles were also exempt from these taxes if they emit less than 95 g/km for diesel-powered vehicles, or less than 110 g/km for gasoline-powered vehicles. The exemption from the registration tax ended on January 1, 2014, and thereafter, all-electric vehicles pay a 4% registration fee and plug-in hybrids a 7% fee.〔 In addition, the national government offers through the Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment a subsidy on the purchase of all-electric taxis or delivery vans. This subsidy increases to per vehicle in Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, Utrecht, and Arnhem-Nijmegen metropolitan area. An additional subsidy is offered by several local government for the purchase of full electric taxis and vans, in Amsterdam and in Limburg and Tilburg.〔 ''See Financial stimulation, pp. 8.''〕〔 In Amsterdam EV owners also have access to parking spaces reserved for battery electric vehicles, so they avoid the current wait for a parking place in Amsterdam, which can reach up to 10 years in some parts of the city. Free charging is also offered in public parking spaces.〔 EV owners in the city of Rotterdam are entitled to one year of free parking in downtown and enjoy subsidies of up to if they install a home charger using green electricity. The city also introduced in 2014 a scrappage program to remove old polluting vehicles to improve air quality in the city. Rotterdam offers a incentive for business buyers to replace the old vehicles with all-electric vehicles. The subsidy is only available to the first 5,000 applicants that buy an eligible vehicle before the end of December 2013.〔 Other factors contributing to the rapid adoption of plug-in electric vehicles are the relative small size of the country, which reduces range anxiety (the Netherlands stretches about east to west); a long tradition of environmental activism; high gasoline prices ( per gallon as of January 2013), which make the cost of running a car on electricity five times cheaper; and also some EV leasing programs provide free or discounted gasoline-powered vehicles for those who want to take a vacation driving long distances. With all of these incentives and tax breaks, plug-in electric cars have similar driving costs than conventional cars.〔 Initially, sales of plug-in electric car were lower than expected, and during 2012 the segment captured a market share of less than 1% of new car sales in the country. As a result of the end of the total exemption of the registration fee, the segment sales peaked at the end of 2013, and plug-in electric car sales reached a market share of 5.34% of new car sales in 2013. The total cost of the tax exemptions for the Dutch treasury of the more than 22,000 plug-in electric vehicles sold in 2013 was estimated at (). ;EV car sharing On November 24, 2011, Amsterdam became the fifth city in the world with a Car2Go carsharing service, and the first in Europe with an all-electric fleet. A fleet of 300 Smart electric drives is available on-demand. , these Car2Go vehicles and other electric cars in Amsterdam had access to more than 320 charging stations in the city area. The number is expected to increase significantly up to 1,000 by end of 2012. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Plug-in electric vehicles in the Netherlands」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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